Web applications, even when polished and professionally deployed, often have components that are not meant to be visible to regular users. These may include backup files, legacy scripts, admin panels, test environments, or logs—any of which may still be accessible if their exact paths are known. While they aren’t linked from public pages, they still reside on the server, waiting to be discovered. This is precisely what makes hidden paths a significant security risk. They are often forgotten by developers, left behind during fast-paced release cycles or during quick troubleshooting….

Linux has become one of the most influential operating systems in the world. From high-performance supercomputers to smartphones and web servers, its presence is everywhere. What makes Linux so widely adopted and respected? In this first installment of our three-part series, we will explore Linux’s origins, core philosophy, and the design choices that built the foundation for its global success. The Origin of Linux In 1991, a young Finnish computer science student named Linus Torvalds began work on a personal project. Dissatisfied with the limited capabilities and restrictions of existing…

In today’s digitally dependent society, cyber threats have become a major concern for governments, corporations, and individuals alike. India, being one of the largest digital economies, faces an increasing number of cyberattacks each year. As data becomes more valuable than oil, the need to secure it grows exponentially. While cybersecurity was once considered a postgraduate or specialized field, it is now accessible even to students who have completed their 10th standard. A Diploma in Cyber Security after 10th opens up early entry into a field that is not only lucrative…

In today’s digital landscape, cybersecurity has become a critical priority for organizations of all sizes. The traditional methods of defending systems, while still important, are no longer sufficient to counter modern and constantly evolving threats. One of the most essential methods in assessing an organization’s security is penetration testing. However, manual penetration testing is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and often reactive rather than proactive. This is where artificial intelligence steps in. AI-powered penetration testing is an innovative approach that leverages the power of automation, machine learning, and behavioral analysis to evaluate and…

Understanding Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) is essential for anyone preparing for a CCNA interview. VLANs enable network segmentation, which enhances performance, security, and manageability. This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of VLANs, their configuration, and how they operate in real-world networking environments. Defining VLANs A VLAN is a logical grouping of devices on a network, allowing them to communicate as though they are on the same physical LAN—even if they are spread across different switches. VLANs provide isolation between different types of traffic, reduce broadcast domains, and allow for…